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Sunday, December 11, 2016

Study: Aspirin May Increase Risk of Crohn’s Disease by 5x

Study: Aspirin May Increase Risk of Crohn’s Disease by 5x



(DrEddyClinic News) Taking small daily serving of aspirin http://dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=998 have been recommended by allopathic doctors for some time. Beyond its more typical use as an analgesic for occasional headache, fever and body aches, aspirin and its close derivatives are frequently used by people the world over to help the minor symptoms of a wide range of health conditions.

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There’s a large body of documentation supporting the little white pill’s ability to prevent heart attack and stroke, as well as a number of other serious health concerns such as the formation of blood clots in high-risk individuals.

More recently however, an increasing number of potentially serious side effects associated with its daily use have come to light.

What are the Dangers of Taking Aspirin?

If taken regularly over an extended period of time, even very small amount of aspirin http://dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=27597 can lead to the formation of painful stomach and intestinal ulcers. Larger amounts have also been associated with tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and it is know to interact poorly with a number of other pharmaceutical drugs. There is also a small but noteworthy potential for allergic reactions, particularly in younger children.

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Aspirin is the oldest of what are known as “nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.” Now, according to researchers at the University of East Anglia (UAE) in the United Kingdom, it appears that taking aspirin regularly may also increase the risk of developing Crohn’s disease http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=5167 in some individuals by up to five times.

How are Crohn’s Disease and Aspirin Connected?

Crohn’s disease is a devastating form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that can cause severe irritation, and even bleeding, throughout the entire entire digestive tract http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=32613. Its impact on sensitive digestive tissues is undisputed.

Aspirin’s tendency to cause ulcers with prolonged use is what initially lead University researchers to investigate the connection between the two. Researchers conducted followup investigations on 200,000 participants who had been involved with an earlier European study, started in 1993, which focused on the link between cancer, nutrition and aspirin use.

The research teams tracked volunteers aged 30-74 living in the UK, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Italy. It wasn’t until 2004 that a small but statistically noticeable number of them began to experience Crohn’s disease.

Dr. Andrew Hart of UEA’s School of Medicine:

“This is early work but our findings do suggest that the regular use of aspirin could be one of many factors which influences the development of this distressing disease in some patients.. I would urge aspirin users to continue taking this medication since the risk of aspirin users possibly developing Crohn’s disease remains very low – only one in every 2000 users, and the link is not yet finally proved.” [1]

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While only about one in 2000 subjects involved developed the disease, the rate appears to be about five times the expected average for a population sample of its size. Researchers caution that while the numbers suggest strongly that there is a connection between regular aspirin use and Crohn’s, further investigation is needed. If your regularly take asprin, please continue to do so, until you fully discuss your options with your doctor first.

I hope toxic compounds http://dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=35635 are taken off the market and doctors are taught to address the root cause of health problems instead of the symptoms. Just one more reason people should keep their body healthy and colon clean http://dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=30713!

– Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM

References:

1. Dr. Andrew Hart. Regular use of aspirin increases risk of Crohn’s disease by five times http://www.uea.ac.uk/mac/comm/media/press/2010/may/crohnsdisease. University of East Anglia. 2010 May 4.

Monday, December 5, 2016

How to Perform the Iodine Patch Test

How to Perform the Iodine Patch Test



(DrEddyClinic News) Iodine http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=32220 is one of the building blocks the thyroid uses to produce the hormones necessary for proper metabolic function http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=33533. As you might guess, without enough iodine, you can experience a number of problems, such as hypothyroidism http://dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=33674. One of the most popular ways to test for iodine deficiency is the iodine patch test. The Iodine Patch Test theoretically measures how quickly the body absorbs iodine through the skin. The issue with this test is that it’s not 100% reliable and doesn’t provide an extensive view of your iodine levels as could a test done by your doctor.

https://youtu.be/lsFO_LMiinw

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What is the Iodine Patch Test?

The iodine patch test supposedly measures how quickly your body absorbs iodine. Again, this isn’t a proper substitute for a clinically-performed test that will actually measure your iodine levels accurately. Despite the popularity of the iodine patch test, no research supports its ability to measure iodine levels. That being said, here are the steps to perform it:

1. Get a solution or tincture of iodine (the orange solution, not the clear one.
2. Paint a 3-inch by 3-inch square on your abdomen, inner thigh or inner forearm. Allow it to dry before touching anything, as it will stain.
3. Monitor the patch over the next 24 hours for color changes.

Proponents of the test believe that the thing to pay attention to is how long it takes for the iodine patch to disappear. If the patch still exists 24 hours later, the results are normal. If the patch disappears or mostly disappears in less than 24 hours, it is supposed to indicate some degree of deficiency. In fact, significant lightening or disappearance in less than 18 hours is said to indicate moderate to severe iodine deficiency http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=32229 and suggest a need for supplemental iodine http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=33606.

Is the Iodine Patch Test Actually Reliable?

Although several recent studies have demonstrated increases in iodine levels through skin absorption suggesting the result of this test may reflect a deficiency or adequacy of iodine, a lot of other factors suggest otherwise. [1] [2] [3]

A number of factors play a role in the disappearance of the yellow color of iodine from the surface of the skin. For example, if iodine is reduced to iodide by the skin, the yellow color of iodine will disappear because iodide is white. The evaporation of iodine can also be affected by ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure. If you’re looking for a way to test your iodine status, the loading test is much more accurate.

GHC http://ghc.us/dreddyclinic youtube Video
Watch an In-Depth Video on
Everything You Need to Know About Iodine
Video Length: 60 minutes
https://youtu.be/lsFO_LMiinw

by Dr. Edward Group DC, NP, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM

References:

1. Miller KL, Coen PE, White WJ, Hurst WJ, Achey BE, Lang CM. Effectiveness of skin absorption of tincture of I in blocking radioiodine from the human thyroid gland http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2722514. Health Phys. 1989 Jun;56(6):911-4.

2. Zimmermann MB, Crill CM. Iodine in enteral and parenteral nutrition http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172478. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;24(1):143-58. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.09.003.

3. Tomoda C, Kitano H, Uruno T, Takamura Y, Ito Y, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Matsuzuka F, Amino N, Kuma K, Miyauchi A. Transcutaneous iodine absorption in adult patients with thyroid cancer disinfected with povidone-iodine at operation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16029128. Thyroid. 2005 Jun;15(6):600-3.

Saturday, November 26, 2016

Early signs of liver damage that everyone should know

Early signs of liver damage that everyone should know



(DrEddyClinic News) One of the most important organs in the body is the liver, and when it's working as it should, it cleans the blood of toxins http://www.toxins.news/, aids in the digestion of food and helps fight off infection. In addition, the liver has the ability to regenerate when it has been damaged, as in trauma, replacing old tissue with new.

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As reported http://www.medicaldaily.com/6-early-signs-liver-damage-symptoms-know-404402 by Medical Daily, the American Liver Foundation notes that anything which prevents your liver from doing its assigned jobs, or from repairing itself after injury, "may put your life in danger." That can be anything from inflammation and scarring, to cancer or simply taking too many over-the-counter medications like Tylenol http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=35462.

Despite the fact that the liver is inside the body, a poorly-functioning organ produces some outwardly visible signs that should always be heeded.

Turning yellow:

When your liver isn't working properly, your skin and the whites of your eyes can become discolored, turning a milky yellow due to the accumulation of a yellowish substance called bilirubin, the U.S. National Library of Medicine notes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022140/. The condition is called jaundice, and it also results in darkened urine and your stools becoming lighter than normal.

The UK's National Health Service reports further http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Jaundice/Pages/Introduction.aspx that when the liver is damaged and jaundice appears, it is due to the organ's inability to process bilirubin. Common causes of this kind of extensive liver damage include drinking alcohol to excess on a chronic basis, the abuse of the drug Ecstasy, cancer, hepatitis, various infections and other exposure to toxic substances.

Excretions changing color:

As stated above, the color of urine will darken, while stool color gets lighter.

Itching:

According to the Mayo Clinic http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/symptoms-causes/dxc-20262871, one of the signs of early liver damage is systemic itching. Your itching may be limited to a certain region, such as your arms or legs, or it may be occurring all over your body. The itching can occur without any other noticeable changes on the skin, but it could also be associated with redness, bumps, spots, blisters, dry and cracked skin, or a leathery, scaly texture to the skin.

At times, the itching can last for a long while, while becoming intense. As you rub or scratch the area, it becomes even more irritated and itchy. And while breaking the itch-scratch cycle can be difficult, if you continue, it's more likely you'll damage your skin or get an infection.

Easy, frequent bruising:

Folks with damaged livers will tend to bruise and/or bleed much more easily because the organ has slowed or ceased production of proteins that are vital to blood clotting, says the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/cirrhosis/Pages/facts.aspx. Your liver actually produces a number of different clotting agents, all of which will begin to disappear when the organ is damaged.

Swelling:

When the liver can no longer adequately do its job, it can cause you to begin to retain water in you abdomen, legs and hands, which causes a great deal of swelling. Also, this swelling can disrupt the function of the heart if there is enough buildup of excess fluid.

Or ... no signs at all:

In some cases when the liver is dysfunctional, there may actually be no outward physical signs at all. The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics reports that up to half https://uihc.org/health-library/liver-disease-frequently-asked-questions of people who have liver disease show no outward signs of it. What's more, Medical Daily points out that in the cases where there are mild symptoms, the most common "are very nonspecific and they include fatigue or excessive tiredness, lack of drive, occasionally itching."

But once a person progresses beyond these early unseen or barely seen symptoms, damage to the liver and the resultant side effects will become much more pronounced. The American Liver Foundation says that people may experience a bursting of blood vessels leading to their liver, while unfiltered toxins can collect in the brain causing impaired mental function and capability.

There is even "risk of coma and death," according to the foundation.

Sources:

http://www.medicaldaily.com/6-early-signs-liver-damage-symptoms-know-404402

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Jaundice/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/symptoms-causes/dxc-20262871

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/cirrhosis/Pages/facts.aspx

https://uihc.org/health-library/liver-disease-frequently-asked-questions

Sunday, November 20, 2016

3 Foods That Help Cleanse Your Lungs

3 Foods That Help Cleanse Your Lungs



Pistachios

(DrEddyClinic News) Pistachios don’t provide the same direct lung cleansing benefits the way many herbs do. But they’re still important to anyone interested in improving their lung health. Studies suggest that pistachios may help prevent lung cancer [1]. They contain a special type of Vitamin E http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=32131, known as gamma-tocopherol that can possibly offer a certain level of protection against some forms of lung cancer. 

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More research is needed to prove this conclusively, but, either way, these delicious nuts still provide a spectrum of benefits.. Pistachios are also thought to help lower cholesterol. Raw pistachios are the best choice and make a great, regular snack. It’s easy to snack on raw nuts and experience satisfaction without empty calories or the weight gain that comes with them.

Plantain Leaf

Plantain is another food that can help cleanse your lungs. Plantain Leaf http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=33693, which is a popular food wrap in Cuba and other Latin American countries, is not seen in the mainstream in North American. However, you can find it, and I would recommend using plantain leaf makes as a very tasty wrap around a number of foods. A quick online search for “plantain leaf recipes” will bring up items you should try. As always, avoid recipes that call for processed sugar or flour, use organic or locally grown, vegetables and hormone free foods as ingredients.

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Cayenne Pepper

Eaten both as a foodstuff and used as a seasoning, these popular peppers can contribute as many as 17 health and wellness benefits http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=34115 to the body. They have been known to help suppress irritating coughs and sore throats, and help with indications of cold and flu. Cayenne pepper http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=34115 helps break up and move congested mucus, making it a recommended food for anyone who is suffering from bronchial congestion or respiratory ailments.

The Best Lung Support Supplement: AllerTrex®

In addition to these effective foods, you can also supplement with AllerTrex® http://bit.ly/dreddyclinic-allertrex. This powerful lung cleansing formula consists of a blend of all natural herbs that have been used to help lung related symptoms for centuries. AllerTrex® is alcohol-free and the first product of its kind on the market.

by Dr. Edward Group DC, NP, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM

References:

American Association for Cancer Research. Pistachios may reduce lung cancer risk http://www.aacr.org/home/public--media/aacr-press-releases.aspx?d=1673. Press Releases:2009. 2009 December 8.

Saturday, November 19, 2016

What is Carvacrol? 8 Facts to Know

What is Carvacrol? 8 Facts to Know



(DrEddyClinic News) Carvacrol may not be a widely recognized household name, but its source — oregano, probably is. As it turns out, oregano http://www.dreddyclinic.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=33701 offers more than a pleasant taste; research has shown that carvacrol, its active ingredient, offers a wide range of health benefits; including protective effects for the liver, antioxidant, activity against harmful organisms, and more. [1] The next 8 facts about carvacrol are sure to make it a known name in your household.

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1. Interesting Results Against Cancer Cells

I’m not going to tell you that carvacrol is a cure for cancer but it certainly is demonstrating some interesting activity in preliminary research. When tested against breast cancer cells http://www.dreddyclinic.com/findinformation/cc/breastcancer.php, it expedited cancer cell death… while being non-toxic. [2] [3] Long Island University researchers reported similar results when putting it up against prostate cancer http://www.dreddyclinic.com/findinformation/cc/prostatecancer.php cells. [4] Actually, carvacrol exhibits the same results regardless of the cancer. [5] Lung cancer cells http://www.dreddyclinic.com/findinformation/cc/lungcancer.php, oral cancer cells, and malignant brain tumors… all have been on the losing end when pitted against carvacrol. [6] [7] [8] Again, it’s important to remember that these reports are exploratory and solution potency was a factor in each experiment; regardless, the potential is exciting.

2. Cleans as Effectively as Chlorine

Produce is often washed before it’s made available for purchase. That’s great… except for the fact that chemicals like chlorine may be used. One study looked to compare the antimicrobial effect of carvacrol to chlorine as a wash for grape tomatoes. For the experiment, grape tomatoes were contaminated with Salmonella, and then given a chlorine wash or carvacrol. The solution using carvacrol achieved significant reductions in Salmonella. The researchers also noted the natural solution did not affect nutritional value, antioxidant content, look or taste. [9]

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3. Great Against Harmful Organisms

Experiments repeatedly confirm the efficacy of carvacrol against Salmonella, e. Coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria. [10] [11] [12] It’s had so much success, researchers decided to pit it against an even more serious problem — antibiotic resistant Salmonella. When tested on Salmonella infected celery, carvacrol eliminated Salmonella colonies immediately. [13] It’s believed this action may offer an alternative to keeping food clear of such harmful organisms.

4. Effective Against Candida

Many people are plagued by yeast infections and often times Candida albicans is to blame. They may occur in the mouth, digestive tract, or really anywhere that’s accommodating to fungus. When researchers tested carvacrol against Candida sampled from denture wearers, the results found carvacrol to be very effective; supporting the traditional use of oregano oil http://bit.ly/dreddyclinic-oregatrex as a natural remedy for Candida. [14]

5. Promotes Normal Lipid Levels

The oxidation of LDL cholesterol leads to accumulation along artery walls. The essential oil of oregano was one of several plant oils, which demonstrated protective effects for LDL against copper-induced oxidation. The most pronounced effect was observed with oregano oil http://bit.ly/10-uses-organic-oregano-oil and the activity was attributed to carvacrol.[15]

6. Supports Balanced Blood Sugar

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Welfare in the former Soviet bloc country of Georgia approved an herb-based remedy containing carvacrol and other plant compounds as therapeutic support for blood sugar abnormalities. Although the carvacrol used didn’t originate from oregano, trials of this drug reported that it lowered blood sugar without side effects. [16]

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7. Fights Systemic Redness and Swelling

Redness and swelling are present with nearly all forms of injury or irritation. Clinical evidence suggests carvacrol may defend against redness and swelling. Tests have shown that it suppresses COX-2 expression, a primary cause of redness. While many plant-based essential oils have this potential, carvacrol is the best in class; research indicates it offers the greatest effectiveness. [17]

8. Amazing Cleansing Abilities… In the Home!

Carvacrol can offer cleansing action outside your body, too. One study examined its effectiveness as a surface-cleansing agent. Concentrations of oregano oil reportedly eliminated Listeria biofilms from plastic and stainless steel surfaces, confirming it as a cleaning agent even in non-organic environments. [18]

In my opinion, the best source of carvacrol, easily, is oregano and oregano oil. While oregano can add to the taste of a meal, oregano oil provides the most potent form to encourage the greatest health benefits. Do you use oregano oil? Leave a comment below and share your experience with us!

by Dr. Edward Group DC, NP, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM


References:

1. Baser KH. Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19075694. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(29):3106-19.

2. Arunasree KM. Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 231 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20096548. Phytomedicine. 2010 Jul;17(8-9):581-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.008. Epub 2010 Jan 22.

3. El Babili F, Bouajila J, Souchard JP, Bertrand C, Bellvert F, Fouraste I, Moulis C, Valentin A. Oregano: chemical analysis and evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21535822. J Food Sci. 2011 Apr;76(3):C512-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02109.x.

4. LIU Brooklyn. LIU STUDY: COMPONENT IN OREGANO KILLS PROSTATE CANCER CELLS http://www.liu.edu/Brooklyn/About/News/Press-Releases/2012/April/BK-PR-Apr25-2012.aspx. (last accessed 2013-12-18)

5. Andersen A. Final report on the safety assessment of sodium p-chloro-m-cresol, p-chloro-m-cresol, chlorothymol, mixed cresols, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropyl cresols, thymol, o-cymen-5-ol, and carvacrol http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16835130. Int J Toxicol. 2006;25 Suppl 1:29-127.

6. Ozkan A, Erdogan A. A comparative study of the antioxidant/prooxidant effects of carvacrol and thymol at various concentrations on membrane and DNA of parental and drug resistant H1299 cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413548. Nat Prod Commun. 2012 Dec;7(12):1557-60.

7. Liang WZ, Chou CT, Lu T, Chi CC, Tseng LL, Pan CC, Lin KL, Kuo CC, Jan CR. The mechanism of carvacrol-evoked [Ca2+]i rises and non-Ca2+-triggered cell death in OC2 human oral cancer cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23146755. Toxicology. 2013 Jan 7;303:152-61. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.10.026. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

8. Liang WZ, Lu CH. Carvacrol-induced [Ca2+]i rise and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22480511. Life Sci. 2012 May 15;90(17-18):703-11. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.027. Epub 2012 Mar 27.

9. Lu Y, Wu C. Reduction of Salmonella enterica contamination on grape tomatoes by washing with thyme oil, thymol, and carvacrol as compared with chlorine treatment http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21219747. J Food Prot. 2010 Dec;73(12):2270-5.

10. Obaidat MM, Frank JF. Inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on sliced and whole tomatoes by allyl isothiocyanate, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde in vapor phase http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19350975. J Food Prot. 2009 Feb;72(2):315-24.

11. van Alphen LB, Burt SA, Veenendaal AK, Bleumink-Pluym NM, van Putten JP. The natural antimicrobial carvacrol inhibits Campylobacter jejuni motility and infection of epithelial cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23049787. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045343. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

12. Upadhyay A, Johny AK, Amalaradjou MA, Ananda Baskaran S, Kim KS, Venkitanarayanan K. Plant-derived antimicrobials reduce Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors in vitro, and down-regulate expression of virulence genes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608657. Int J Food Microbiol. 2012 Jun 15;157(1):88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.04.018. Epub 2012 May 1.

13. Ravishankar S, Zhu L, Reyna-Granados J, Law B, Joens L, Friedman M. Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde inactivate antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica in buffer and on celery and oysters http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20132667. J Food Prot. 2010 Feb;73(2):234-40.

14. Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Madariaga L, Quindós G. In vitro activities of natural products against oral Candida isolates from denture wearers http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22118215. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011 Nov 26;11:119. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-119.

15. Kulisi T, Krisko A, Dragovi-Uzelac V, Milos M, Pifat G. The effects of essential oils and aqueous tea infusions of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on the copper-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17469764. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007 Mar;58(2):87-93.

16. Kemertelidze E, Sagareishvili T, Syrov V, Khushbaktova Z, Tsutskiridze L, Kurashvili R. [Saturin – effective vegetative remedy in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22466541. Georgian Med News. 2012 Feb;(203):47-52.

17. Hotta M, Nakata R, Katsukawa M, Hori K, Takahashi S, Inoue H. Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPARalpha and gamma and suppresses COX-2 expression http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578162. J Lipid Res. 2010 Jan;51(1):132-9. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M900255-JLR200.

18. Desai MA, Soni KA, Nannapaneni R, Schilling MW, Silva JL. Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel and polystyrene surfaces by essential oils http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22980020. J Food Prot. 2012 Jul;75(7):1332-7. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-517.